Biography

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Fred Nicole is a Swiss rock climber, notable for his numerous cutting edge first ascents. Nicole was the first climber to open a problem with the bouldering grades 8B, 8B+ and 8C. Like many elite rock climbers, Nicole refuses to grade his own climbs, suggesting that subjectivity and variation in climbing style make it too difficult to reliably grade problems. Notable ascents:     les Danse des Balrogs V13/8B (The world's first), Branson, Switzerland     Radja V14/8B+ (the world's first), Branson, Switzerland     Dreamtime. Cresciano, Switzerland. (8B+/V14) This boulder was once considered 8C before it was chipped and downgraded to 8B+.     Slashface V13/8B, Hueco Tanks, USA     Fatman Sit-Start V13/8B, Fontainebleau, France     Pierre Philosophale V13/8B, Fontainebleau, France     Karma V12/8A+, Fontainebleau, France     Hale Bopp, V10/7C+, Fontainebleau, France     Terre de Seine, V14/8B+, Hueco Tanks, TX     Terremer, V15/8C, Hueco Tanks State Park, Texas, USA - link-up of Diaphanous Sea and Terre de Seine     El Techo de los Tres B, V14/8B+, Hueco Tanks State Park, Texas, USA     Entlinge, V15/8C, Switzerland     Amandla, V14/8B+, South Africa     Repeated Witness the FitnessV15/8C, in The Ozarks, Arkansas on December 23, 2006. FA by Chris Sharma.     Elfe, 8c+ in Grimsel, Switzerland (route, FA on 1997-03-01).     Bain de Sang, 9a in Saint Loup, Switzerland (route, FA on 1993-09-01). It is the world's third 9a, after Action Directe (FA in 1991 by Wolfgang Gullich) and Om (FA in 1992 by Alexander Huber) Some have surmised that Bain de Sang is more likely 8c+. E.g., Iker Pou, who has repeated both routes, stated that Bain de Sang is a grade easier than the benchmark 9a Action Directe. Also, see Dave Graham. Fred Nicole and his brother Francois Nicole both assert that "Bain de sang" has been 'altered' after their respective first and second ascents, which may be why the grade has been disputed after subsequent repeats. Description above from the Wikipedia article Fred Nicole, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.?